Tokyo: The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology recently announced a successful collection of mud containing rare earth elements from the seabed off Minamitori Island. Despite this achievement, experts remain cautious about deep-sea mining due to technological challenges, high costs, and environmental concerns, leaving the feasibility of industrializing these resources uncertain.

According to Namibia Press Agency, Japan's drive to reduce reliance on imported rare earth elements, vital for industries such as renewable energy and aerospace, has led to exploring domestic sources. Japan has historically depended on imports for its rare earth needs, prompting investments in firms like Australia's Lynas Rare Earths. However, the first heavy rare earth shipment from Lynas is not expected until 2025.

The exploration of deep-sea resources near Minamitori Island, which holds an estimated 16 million tonnes of rare earth elements, is part of Japan's strategic innovation efforts. A full-scale mining test is planned for 2027. However, experts warn of significant hurdles, including the need for advanced equipment capable of withstanding extreme conditions and high energy consumption during extraction.

Yang Fan, from the Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, highlighted challenges in processing complex rare earth mud and Japan's lagging separation technology. Additionally, extraction costs could reach up to 150 U.S. dollars per kilogram, with operating costs for the mission's vessel, Chikyu, adding further financial pressure.

Environmental concerns also loom large, with potential irreversible impacts on marine ecosystems. Yang noted possible risks, including the disturbance of seabed habitats and contamination of food chains. The refining process also poses environmental threats due to waste management issues.

Experts suggest the Minamitori Island project remains a technological demonstration rather than a commercial venture, potentially reliant on government subsidies. James Tekune from Adamas Intelligence cautioned that deep-sea mining might only serve as a niche supply source, with limited commercial prospects.